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Microcephaly, intellectual impairment, bilateral vesicoureteral reflux, distichiasis, and glomuvenous malformations associated with a 16q24.3 contiguous gene deletion and a Glomulin mutation

Identifieur interne : 004731 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 004730; suivant : 004732

Microcephaly, intellectual impairment, bilateral vesicoureteral reflux, distichiasis, and glomuvenous malformations associated with a 16q24.3 contiguous gene deletion and a Glomulin mutation

Auteurs : Matthew G. Butler [États-Unis] ; Susan L. Dagenais [États-Unis] ; José L. Garcia-Perez [États-Unis, Espagne] ; Pascal Brouillard [Belgique] ; Miikka Vikkula [Belgique] ; Peter Strouse [États-Unis] ; Jeffrey W. Innis [États-Unis] ; Thomas W. Glover [États-Unis]

Source :

RBID : ISTEX:462F6BB716DE82AF593123A9ED09591708BF939C

Descripteurs français

English descriptors

Abstract

Two hereditary syndromes, lymphedema‐distichiasis (LD) syndrome and blepharo‐chelio‐dontic (BCD) syndrome include the aberrant growth of eyelashes from the meibomian glands, known as distichiasis. LD is an autosomal dominant syndrome primarily characterized by distichiasis and the onset of lymphedema usually during puberty. Mutations in the forkhead transcription factor FOXC2 are the only known cause of LD. BCD syndrome consists of autosomal dominant abnormalities of the eyelid, lip, and teeth, and the etiology remains unknown. In this report, we describe a proband that presented with distichiasis, microcephaly, bilateral grade IV vesicoureteral reflux requiring ureteral re‐implantation, mild intellectual impairment and apparent glomuvenous malformations (GVM). Distichiasis was present in three generations of the proband's maternal side of the family. The GVMs were severe in the proband, and maternal family members exhibited lower extremity varicosities of variable degree. A GLMN (glomulin) gene mutation was identified in the proband that accounts for the observed GVMs; no other family member could be tested. TIE2 sequencing revealed no mutations. In the proband, an additional submicroscopic 265 kb contiguous gene deletion was identified in 16q24.3, located 609 kb distal to the FOXC2 locus, which was inherited from the proband's mother. The deletion includes the C16ORF95, FBXO31, MAP1LC3B, and ZCCHC14 loci and 115 kb of a gene desert distal to FOXC2 and FOXL1. Thus, it is likely that the microcephaly, distichiasis, vesicoureteral, and intellectual impairment in this family may be caused by the deletion of one or more of these genes and/or deletion of distant cis‐regulatory elements of FOXC2 expression. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.35229


Affiliations:


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<term>Chromosome Mapping</term>
<term>Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16 (genetics)</term>
<term>DNA Copy Number Variations</term>
<term>Eyelashes (abnormalities)</term>
<term>Female</term>
<term>Forkhead Transcription Factors (genetics)</term>
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<term>Genotype</term>
<term>Glomus Tumor (genetics)</term>
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<term>Chromosomes humains de la paire 16 (génétique)</term>
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<term>Délétion de gène</term>
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<term>Facteurs de transcription Forkhead (génétique)</term>
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<term>Génotype</term>
<term>Humains</term>
<term>Imagerie par résonance magnétique</term>
<term>Lymphoedème (génétique)</term>
<term>Microcéphalie (génétique)</term>
<term>Paragangliome extrasurrénalien (génétique)</term>
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<term>Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16</term>
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<term>Intellectual Disability</term>
<term>Lymphedema</term>
<term>Microcephaly</term>
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<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Two hereditary syndromes, lymphedema‐distichiasis (LD) syndrome and blepharo‐chelio‐dontic (BCD) syndrome include the aberrant growth of eyelashes from the meibomian glands, known as distichiasis. LD is an autosomal dominant syndrome primarily characterized by distichiasis and the onset of lymphedema usually during puberty. Mutations in the forkhead transcription factor FOXC2 are the only known cause of LD. BCD syndrome consists of autosomal dominant abnormalities of the eyelid, lip, and teeth, and the etiology remains unknown. In this report, we describe a proband that presented with distichiasis, microcephaly, bilateral grade IV vesicoureteral reflux requiring ureteral re‐implantation, mild intellectual impairment and apparent glomuvenous malformations (GVM). Distichiasis was present in three generations of the proband's maternal side of the family. The GVMs were severe in the proband, and maternal family members exhibited lower extremity varicosities of variable degree. A GLMN (glomulin) gene mutation was identified in the proband that accounts for the observed GVMs; no other family member could be tested. TIE2 sequencing revealed no mutations. In the proband, an additional submicroscopic 265 kb contiguous gene deletion was identified in 16q24.3, located 609 kb distal to the FOXC2 locus, which was inherited from the proband's mother. The deletion includes the C16ORF95, FBXO31, MAP1LC3B, and ZCCHC14 loci and 115 kb of a gene desert distal to FOXC2 and FOXL1. Thus, it is likely that the microcephaly, distichiasis, vesicoureteral, and intellectual impairment in this family may be caused by the deletion of one or more of these genes and/or deletion of distant cis‐regulatory elements of FOXC2 expression. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</div>
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